Changes in the concentration of Ions in saliva and dental plaque after application of CPP-ACP with and without fluoride among 6-9 year old children

The casein phospho peptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with or without fluoride [CPP-ACPF and CPP-ACP respectively] are of considerably new materials which are highly recommended for prevention of dental caries. However, there is a shortage in literature on how they affect the ion concentration of saliva or dental plaque

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in the plaque and saliva of children with Early Childhood Caries [ECC] after applying the CPP-ACP paste in comparison with the use of CPP-ACPF paste

Materials and Methods: One ml of un-stimulated saliva of 25 preschool children was collected and then 1 mg of the plaque sample was collected from the buccal surfaces of the two first primary molars on the upper jaw. CPP-ACP as well as CPP-ACPF pastes were applied on the tooth surfaces in two separate steps. In steps, plaque and saliva sampling was performed after 60 minutes. The amount of calcium ions was measured by Atomic Absorption Device and the amount of phosphate and fluoride ions was measured by Ion Chromatography instrument. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measurements ANOVA at a p < 0.05 level of significance

Results: Application of both CPP-ACPF and CPP-ACP significantly increased the concentration of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride in both saliva and dental plaque. Moreover, significantly higher salivary fluoride concentration was seen after application of CPP-ACPF compared to CPP-ACP. No other significant difference was observed between these two materials

Conclusions: CPP-ACPF can be more useful than CPP-ACP in protecting the primary teeth against caries process, especially when there is poor hygiene

Concentration of calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions in microbial plaque and saliva after using CPP-ACP paste in 6-9 year-old children

Statement of Problem: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. The balance between demineralization and remineralization of the decayed teeth depends on the calcium and phosphate content of the tooth surface. Therefore, if a product such as casein phospho peptides - amorphous calcium phosphate [CPP-ACP] which can significantly increase the availability of calcium and phosphate in the plaque and saliva should have an anti-caries protective effect

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in the plaque and saliva of children before and after applying the CPP-ACP paste

Materials and Methods: A total of 25 children aged between 6-9 years were selected for this clinical trial study. At first, 1 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected and then 1 mg of the plaque sample was collected from the buccal surfaces of the two first primary molars on the upper jaw. In the next step, CPP-ACP paste [GC Corp, Japan] was applied on the tooth surfaces and then the plaque and saliva sampling was performed after 60 minutes. The amount of calcium ions was measured by Ion meter instrument [Metrohm Co, Swiss] and the amounts of phosphate and fluoride ions were measured by Ion Chromatography instrument [Metrohm Co, Swiss]. Data were analyzed using paired t-test at a p < 0.05 level of significance

Results: There were statistically significant differences in the calcium and phosphate concentration of the saliva and plaque before and after applying the CPP-ACP paste. There were also statistically significant differences in the fluoride levels of the plaque before and after applying the CPP-ACP paste. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the fluoride levels of the saliva before and after applying the CPP-ACP paste

Conclusions: In this study, the use of the CPP-ACP paste significantly increased the fluoride levels of the plaque and the calcium and phosphate levels of both saliva and plaque. Hence, CPP-ACP paste can facilitate the remineralization of tooth surfaces and is useful for protecting the primary teeth

Comparison of antibacterial effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine on two cariogenic bacteria: an in vitro study

Dental plaque is the main source for dental caries and there is no proper vaccine that can affect dental plaques. Daily use of an efficient anti-plaque product can be very beneficial in plaque control and, thus, prevention of caries. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects of four products of Chlorhexidine and Fluoride on two types of cariogenic bacteria. In this in vitro study, the antibacterial effect of Chlorhexidine and Fluoride [gel and solution] against Streptococci Sanguis and Sobrinus was evaluated. Chlorhexidine gluconate 1% gel [Corosodyl, France], Chlorhexidine gluconate 2% solution [Consepsis, Ultradent, US], Sodium fluoride 0.2% solution [Oral-B, US] and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride 1.23% gel [Denti-Care, Canada] were used. The disc diffusion method was used for testing bacterial sensitivity. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and Chi-square test.In comparison with the negative control, each of the four gels and solutions showed antibacterial effects but the effects were not statistically significant for fluoride solution [P=0.217]. For S. Sobrinus, the mean diameter of inhibition zone around the discs coated with fluoride gel [F g], fluoride solution [F s], Chlorhexidine gel [CHX g] and Chlorhexidine solution [CHX s] were 19, 9, 21.5 and 27.5mm, respectively. For S. Sanguis, the mean diameter of inhibition zone around the discs coated with F g, F s, CHX g and CHX s were 17, 11, 17 and 25mm, respectively. CHX s had the most effect on both bacteria and F s had the least. CHX g and F g were less effective than CHX s, respectively. The results demonstrated that 2% CHX s and 1.23% F g can be effective on inhibition of the growth of some of cariogenic bacteria. Therefore, these agents can be used in the prevention of Early Childhood Caries